Beat the butter: In a large bowl, beat softened butter on medium-high for 2–3 minutes until pale and fluffy. This step traps air and sets you up for a silky texture.
Add powdered sugar gradually: Turn the mixer to low and add powdered sugar 1 cup at a time.
Mix on low until mostly incorporated, then increase to medium for 30 seconds. Repeat until 3 cups are in.
Flavor it: Add vanilla and a pinch of salt. Mix on medium until smooth and fragrant.
Adjust consistency: Add 1 tablespoon of milk or cream at a time, beating on medium, until the frosting is soft, creamy, and spreadable.
For piping, keep it slightly thicker; for spreading, go a touch looser.
Taste and refine: If you want it sweeter or stiffer, add more powdered sugar by the tablespoon. If it feels too thick, add another splash of milk or cream.
Whip it silky: Finish by beating on medium-high for 1–2 minutes until light and billowy. Avoid over-whipping to prevent excess air bubbles.